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1.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 140(9): 1145-1153, set. 2012. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-660072

RESUMO

Background: Adolescents are an especially vulnerable age group in terms of behavioral issues and require skilled teams in health centers. Aim: To assess the quality of health services provided to teenage users in Primary Health Care. Material and Methods: A study of multiple cases was carried out in two family health centers in Puente Alto, Chile. Health services delivered to adolescents were evaluated from the provider's perspective, through qualitative design of focus groups and interviews to the care teams at each centre. For technical quality, comparing electronic records of two tracer conditions (prenatal care and depression) with technical standards established by Delphi methodology and from teenage users perspective, through a survey of service satisfaction. Results: In both centers, providers perceived a lack of training in adolescent care, a deficient preventive approach and a limited access to care. The technical evaluation showed an inappropriate recording of both tracer conditions. The instrument used to assess user satisfaction survey was reliable and showed that the best perceived issue was medical care and treatment, and the least perceived, was the access to the services. Conclusions: Professionals working in these health care facilities, feel unprepared to provide comprehensive approach to adolescents. The surveyed teenagers complained of limited access to care. Therefore this age group continues to be as a non-priority group for health care.


Assuntos
Adolescente , Humanos , Serviços de Saúde do Adolescente/normas , Atenção Primária à Saúde/normas , Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde , Chile , Depressão/diagnóstico , Depressão/terapia , Grupos Focais , Pessoal de Saúde , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde , Satisfação do Paciente , Cuidado Pré-Natal , Inquéritos e Questionários , População Urbana
2.
West Indian med. j ; 59(2): 131-138, Mar. 2010. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-672587

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To assess the frequency of youth onset Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) in Jamaica and the characteristics of youth with this form of diabetes. METHODS: Patients from two major referral hospitals, diagnosed with diabetes before age 25 years and < 6 years prior to the study, were evaluated. Classification was based on the presence of GAD-65 and IA-2 diabetes autoantibodies (AB), fasting (FCP) and stimulated C-peptide (SCP) measurements, serum leptin and clinical phenotype as follows: (i) Type 1A diabetes - AB+, (ii) Type 1B diabetes - AB- and FCP < 230 pmol/l and/or SCP < 660pmol/l, (iii) Type 2 diabetes - AB- and FCP > 500pmol/L and or SCP > 1160 pmol/l (iv) Untypeable diabetes - AB- and FCP 230-500 pmol/l and or SCP 660-1160 pmol/l and (v) Lipoatrophic diabetes - clinical phenotype and serum leptin. RESULTS: Fifty-eight participants (21M, 37F, age 20 ± 8 years, duration of diabetes 2.6 ± 2 years) were enrolled in the study. Using the classification criteria, Type 1 diabetes was the most common form of diabetes: 18(31%) Type 1A, 18(31%) Type 1B. Overall 22% (13 patients) had T2D. Patients with T2D were more likely to be female, older at diagnosis, obese and have a higher blood pressure when compared to those with Type 1 diabetes. In logistic regression analysis, age of diabetes onset, gender, BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly associated with T2D. Obesity measured by BMI was the strongest predictor of T2D. CONCLUSIONS: While Type 1 diabetes was the predominant form of diabetes in this study, a significant proportion of Jamaicans with youth onset diabetes may have T2D. Obesity is the strongest clinical predictor of Type 2 diabetes in the young diabetic patient.


OBJETIVOS: Evaluar la frecuencia de la aparición de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DT2) en los jóvenes de (T2D) en Jamaica y las características de los jóvenes con esta forma de diabetes. MÉTODOS: Pacientes de dos importantes hospitales de remisión, fueron evaluados y diagnosticados con diabetes antes de los 25 años de edad y < 6 años antes del estudio. La clasificación se basó en la presencia de auto-anticuerpos (AC) GAD-65 e IA-2 de la diabetes, mediciones de péptido C en ayunas (PCA) y péptido C estimulado (PCE), leptina sérica y fenotipo clínico como sigue: (i) diabetes tipo A1 - AB+; diabetes tipo B1 - AB- y PCA < 230 pmol/l y/o PCE < 660 pmol/l; (iii) diabetes tipo 2 - AB - y PCA> 500pmol/L y/o PCE > 1160pmol/l; (iv) diabetes no tipificable - AB - y PCA 230-500 pmol/l y/o PCE 660-1160pmol/l; y (v) diabetes lipoatrófica - fenotipo clínico y leptina sérica. RESULTADOS: Cincuenta y ocho participantes (21 V, 37 H, 20 ± 8 años de edad, duración de la diabetes 2.6 ± 2 años) fueron enrolados en el estudio. Usando los criterios criterio de clasificación, la diabetes de tipo 1 fue la forma más común de diabetes: 18 (31%) tipo A1; 18 (31%) Tipo B1. En conjunto 22% (13 pacientes) tenían DT2. Los pacientes con DT2 presentaban una mayor probabilidad de ser mujeres, tener más edad a la hora del diagnóstico, ser obesos y tener una tensión arterial más alta en comparación con los que presentaban diabetes tipo 1. En el análisis de regresión logística, la edad de la aparición de la diabetes, el género, el IMC, la tensión arterial diastólica y sistólica estaban significativamente asociados con la DT2. La obesidad medida por el IMC fue el predictor más fuerte de la DT2. CONCLUSIONES: Aunque la diabetes tipo 1 fue la forma predominante de diabetes en este estudio, un número significativo de jamaicanos en los que la diabetes aparece en edad juvenil, pueden tener DT2. La obesidad es el predictor clínico más fuerte de la diabetes tipo 2 en el paciente diabético joven.


Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Jovem , /epidemiologia , Idade de Início , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/classificação , Jamaica/epidemiologia , Modelos Logísticos , Obesidade/epidemiologia
3.
West Indian med. j ; 58(3): 219-226, June 2009. graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-672475

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of diabetes mellitus type on conventional and novel cardiovascular risk factors in patients, diagnosed with diabetes from two major referral hospitals in Jamaica, before age 25 years and with diabetes duration < 6 years. METHODS: Participants were classified based on the presence of GAD-65 and IA-2 autoantibodies, C-peptide, leptin and clinical phenotype. Trained observers obtained anthropometric measurements and sitting blood pressure. Fasting blood was taken for glucose, A1c, lipids, high sensitivity C-reactive protein and lipoprotein profile. RESULTS: Fifty-eight participants (21M; 37F, age 20 ± 8 [Mean ± SD] years, diabetes duration 2.6 ± 2 years) were enrolled. Thirty-six had Type 1 diabetes (T1D), thirteen Type 2 diabetes (T2D), six were not typed and three had lipoatrophic diabetes. Patients with Type 2 diabetes (T2D) were more obese with a higher systolic blood pressure but a lower A1c than those with Type 1 diabetes (T1D). Total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, VLDL, LDL and HDL particle numbers were similar in patients with T1D and T2D. HDL-cholesterol and LDL and HDL particle sizes were lower in patients with T2D but differences were no longer significant after adjusting for BMI. CONCLUSIONS: Risk factors for cardiovascular disease are common in patients with all forms of youth onset diabetes. Clinicians should therefore investigate these risk factors in their patients regardless of diabetes type.


OBJETIVO: Evaluar el efecto del tipo de diabetes (DM) sobre los factores de riesgo cardiovasculares en pacientes diagnosticados con diabetes antes de los 25 años de edad, con una duración de la DM < 6 años, y remitidos de dos hospitales principales de Jamaica. MÉTODOS: Los participantes fueron clasificados a partir de la presencia de anticuerpos GAD-65 y IA-2, péptido C, leptina y fenotipo clínico. Observadores entrenados obtuvieron mediciones antropométricas y datos sobre la presión sanguínea en posición sentada. Se utilizó sangre en ayunas para los perfiles de glucosa, A1c, lípidos, proteína C de alta sensibilidad, y lipoproteína. RESULTADOS: Cincuenta y ocho participantes (21M; 37F, edad 20 ± 8 [Media ± SD] años, duración de la diabetes 2.6 ± 2 años) fueron enrolados. Treinta y seis tenían diabetes tipo 1 (DT1), 13 de ellos tenían diabetes tipo 2 (DT2), 6 no estaban clasificados, y 3 padecían de diabetes lipoatrópica. Los pacientes con diabetes de tipo 2 eran más obesos y su presión arterial sistólica era más alta, pero presentaban un perfil A1c más bajo que los de la diabetes tipo 1. El colesterol total, el colesterol LDL, los triglicéridos, y el número de partículas VLDL, LDL, y HDL fueron similares en los pacientes con DT1 y DT2. El colesterol HDL y los tamaños de las partículas LDL y HDL fueron más bajos en los pacientes con DT2, pero las diferencias dejaron de ser significativas luego de ser ajustadas para IBM. CONCLUSIONES: Los factores de riesgo para la enfermedad cardiovascular son comunes en pacientes con todas las formas de diabetes aparecidas entre los jóvenes. Por tanto, los clínicos deben investigar estos factores de riesgo en sus pacientes, independientemente del tipo de diabetes.


Assuntos
Adolescente , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Jovem , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/epidemiologia , /epidemiologia , Fatores Etários , Proteína C-Reativa , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Região do Caribe/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/tratamento farmacológico , /complicações , /tratamento farmacológico , Lipídeos/sangue , Prevalência , Medição de Risco
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